Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of hope. In this situation the infant will not have confidence in the world around them or in their abilities to influence events.
If the care has been inconsistent, unpredictable and unreliable, then the infant may develop a sense of mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety. If these needs are not consistently met, mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety may develop.Įrik Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Developmentt If the care the infant receives is consistent, predictable and reliable, they will develop a sense of trust which will carry with them to other relationships, and they will be able to feel secure even when threatened. During this stage, the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care. This stage begins at birth continues to approximately 18 months of age.
mistrust is the first stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Stage Psychosocial Crisis Basic Virtue Age 1. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths which the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises.įailure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.įor Erikson (1958, 1963), these crises are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual (i.e., psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e., social).Īccording to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues. Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentĮrikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
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